FROM LUDOPATHY TO GAMBLING DISORDER: THE EVOLUTION OF A BEHAVIORAL ADDICTION IN PSYCHIATRIC CLASSIFICATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54899/dcs.v23i95.7235Palavras-chave:
gambling disorder, ludopathy, behavioral addiction, DSM-5-TR, ICD-11, psychiatryResumo
The concept of excessive gambling has transformed in the last few decades. While only a few decades ago it was considered to be part of the group of mental disorders (ludopathy), nowadays excessive gambling is understood as a behavioral addiction within the framework of modern psychiatric nosology, as a gambling disorder. This article explains the concept of excessive gambling through its historical development. Particular emphasis is placed on changes in the understanding of excessive gambling across different editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Above and beyond that, the still-existing moral and interpersonal links of excessive gambling as well as current stigmatization processes are explained in detail. The neurobiological mechanisms as well as the various risk factors for excessive gambling are also explained. Finally, it provides an overview of current public health strategies and their shortcomings in the context of the worldwide explosion of the gambling market.
Downloads
Referências
AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION. APA history. 2026. Disponível em: https://www.apa.org/about/apa/archives/apa-history. Acesso em: 15 set. 2026.
AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5. ed., texto rev. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.
AONSO-DIEGO, G.; ETXABURU, N.; MARTÍNEZ-CABRERO, C.; LIENDO, M.; ESTÉVEZ, A. The role of stigma in gambling disorder: a systematic review. Stigma and Health, v. 11, n. 3, p. 517, 2026.
BRASIL. Lei nº 14.790, de 29 de dezembro de 2023. Dispõe sobre a modalidade lotérica denominada apostas de quota fixa. Diário Oficial da União, 2023. Disponível em: planalto.gov.br.
BRIANEZ, E. S. A.; CURY, E. Casas de aposta e a consequência da ludopatia na parte jurídica. Revista Tópicos, v. 4, n. 35, p. 1-17, 2026.
FIRST, M. B.; YOUSIF, L. H.; CLARKE, D. E.; WANG, P. S.; GOGTAY, N.; APPELBAUM, P. S. DSM-5-TR: overview of what’s new and what’s changed. World Psychiatry, v. 21, n. 2, p. 218, 2022.
HERNÁNDEZ CRUZ, M. E.; BUJARDÓN MENDOZA, A. Fundamentos teóricos para un estudio sobre la ludopatía. Humanidades Médicas, v. 20, n. 3, p. 606-624, 2020. Disponível em: https://humanidadesmedicas.sld.cu/index.php/hm/article/view/1724.
HODGINS, D. C.; STEA, J. N.; GRANT, J. E. Gambling disorders. The Lancet, v. 378, n. 9806, p. 1874-1884, 2011.
IOANNIDIS, K.; HOOK, R.; WICKHAM, K.; GRANT, J. E.; CHAMBERLAIN, S. R. Impulsivity in gambling disorder and problem gambling: a meta-analysis. Neuropsychopharmacology, v. 44, n. 8, p. 1354-1361, 2019.
IONIȚĂ, I.; MUȘAT, M. I.; CĂTĂLIN, B.; CIOBANU, A. M. Assessment of cognitive emotion regulation in gambling disorder: a systematic review of the literature. Clinics and Practice, v. 16, n. 3, p. 56, 2026.
KAVLA, Y.; DEMIRGÜL, S. A.; BOZDEMIR, T.; DEMIRCAN, D.; YAMANEL-ÖZSOY, B.; DURMUŞ, H.; et al. A comparative analysis of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of gambling disorder by sex among treatment-seeking individuals: a national sample from Türkiye. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, v. 15, n. 2, p. 886-899, 2026.
LEWIS, G. DSM-IV. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn. By the American Psychiatric Association (APA): Washington, DC. 1994. Psychological Medicine, v. 26, n. 3, p. 651-652, 1996.
LOPES, E. F. V. Ludopatia e gestalt-terapia: patologia ou ajustamento criativo? 2025.
MATSUSHITA, S.; NITTA, C.; SHIBASAKI, M.; NISHIMURA, K.; MATSUZAKI, T.; SO, R.; et al. Clinical characteristics and symptom severity in patients with gambling disorder in Japan. Journal of Gambling Studies, v. 42, n. 1, p. 391-408, 2026.
MARI, E.; CRICENTI, C.; BOCCIA, M.; ZUCCHELLI, M. M.; NORI, R.; PICCARDI, L.; GIANNINI, A. M.; QUAGLIERI, A. Betting on your feelings: the interplay between emotion and cognition in gambling affective task. Journal of Clinical Medicine, v. 13, p. 2990, 2024.
NAJAVITS, L. M.; HARRIS, M.; MUIR, M. J.; LEDGERWOOD, D. M. Seeking safety: a clinical guide to implementation for gambling disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 2026.
PALUMBERI, E.; MANNINO, G. Ludopatía. Un estudio comparativo realizado en Italia y España. Humanismo y Trabajo Social, v. 7, n. 1, p. 155-196, 2008.
PEREIRA, C. S. M.; DIAS, M. Ludopathy or gambling disorder? A literature review of DSM-5-TR, ICD-11, and the Brazilian legal framework. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, [no prelo].
PÉREZ, G. A. C.; VALLEJO, G. A. C.; ESCOBAR, S. M. R. Factores de riesgo para ludopatía en un grupo de jugadores de casinos de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Health and Addictions/Salud y Drogas, v. 16, n. 2, p. 135-145, 2016.
POTENZA, M. N.; BALODIS, I. M.; DEREVENSKY, J.; GRANT, J. E.; PETRY, N. M.; VERDEJO-GARCIA, A.; YIP, S. W. Gambling disorder. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, v. 5, n. 1, p. 51, 2019.
RASH, C. J.; WEINSTOCK, J.; VAN PATTEN, R. A review of gambling disorder and substance use disorders. Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, v. 7, p. 3-13, 2016.
SALUM, A. C. N.; FLORENCIO, A. C. P.; DA SILVA, R. C.; AVANCINI, R. V. P.; PALMEIRA XAVIER, T. C. S. Ludopatia: fatores de risco, craving e bases neurológicas. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Médicas, v. 2, n. S1, p. 63-63, 2026.
TANNOUS, A.; DEMETROVICS, Z.; CHHABRA, B.; LOGEMANN, A.; CZAKÓ, A.; GRIFFITHS, M. D.; SZABO, A. Mindfulness-based interventions for gambling disorder: a systematic review. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, v. 15, n. 1, p. 115-134, 2026.
URBINA, J.; MARIELLA, D. Ludopathy in the story «Amor de madre. Crónica de la época del virrey “Brazo de Plata”» by Ricardo Palma. 2022.
VAHIA, V. N. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5: a quick glance. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, v. 55, n. 3, p. 220-223, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.117131.
VURAL, M.; KONSTANTINIDIS, G.; PASTORE, M.; POP, T. L.; SEVKETOGLU, E.; BALI, D.; et al. The silent epidemic: early-onset ludopathy in children and the invisible digital threat. The Journal of Pediatrics, v. 292, 2026.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. 11. ed. 2019. World Health Organization Official Site.
YEO, B. B. Y.; POTENZA, M. N.; TOLOMEO, S. A meta-analysis of functional brain activity during valence processing in internet gaming disorder and gambling disorder. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, p. 106934, 2026.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2026 Revista DCS
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
